Increased attack surface
The integration of OT systems with IT networks and the increased use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in manufacturing organizations create additional entry points into the network. Privileged users often have access to critical OT systems, and these expanded access points are prone to attacks.
Dispersed privileged accounts
In many manufacturing organizations, privileged accounts are dispersed across multiple systems such as machines, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). These scattered accounts make it difficult to track who has access to what, which increases the risk of unauthorized access.
Growing number of digital identities
As the number of digital identities, including API keys, certificates and access tokens, continues to increase, organizations struggle to maintain clear visibility over the permissions associated with these credentials. Without proper management, orphaned and unmonitored credentials create vulnerabilities, putting both IT and OT systems at risk.
Lack of oversight
Manufacturing organizations may lack the infrastructure or resources to monitor privileged access in real time or to audit activity across systems. Without this oversight, it's difficult to identify unauthorized access or potential privilege abuse.
Reliance on legacy systems
Manufacturing organizations often rely on legacy systems not designed with modern security protocols in mind. Many of these systems may not support advanced features such as Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Role-Based Access Controls (RBAC) or automated auditing.
Third-party vendor access
Manufacturers often rely on third-party vendors or contractors to maintain machinery, software or IT infrastructure. These third parties are typically granted privileged access to critical systems, and without proper access controls, their credentials may be compromised or misused.