Compromised credentials
With phishing and social engineering among the most common attack vectors in education, a single compromised teacher or IT administrator account can give cybercriminals access to privileged systems. The risk is even greater when staff reuse passwords or share admin accounts, which can make it harder to trace and contain a breach.
Lack of strong authentication
Historically, K-12 schools have relied on single-factor logins and weak password policies. Without stronger protections, such as Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), privileged accounts become easy targets for cybercriminals, which increases the risk of lateral movement across systems if an attack occurs.
Over-privileged users
Schools often struggle to enforce the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP). Over time, this can lead to teachers and staff accumulating permissions or using accounts with broad admin rights that are not needed for their role. These over-privileged users expand the attack surface and increase the risk that K-12 schools will suffer a large-scale data breach.
Lack of real-time oversight
IT environments in K-12 are often decentralized, which leads to inconsistent security practices and limited visibility. Without proper oversight, suspicious activity can go unnoticed. An absence of centralized oversight also means schools might not catch unauthorized access until after data is lost or damage has already been done.
Regulatory compliance
Education privacy laws like the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) require schools to know who accesses protected records. However, many districts struggle to meet these oversight obligations due to a lack of proper PAM processes. Insufficient auditing and review not only create blind spots, but can also lead to compliance violations and regulatory fines.
Third-party access
K-12 schools frequently rely on outside vendors and service providers. While schools should ensure vendors have only the privileges they need, and only when they need them, this is often not the case. Many districts lack strict controls and oversight for managing vendor access, which increases the risk of unauthorized access and breaches.